IIoT應(yīng)用機(jī)診斷

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　　電子工業(yè)在制造業(yè)中的應(yīng)用近年來(lái)取得了巨大的飛躍，主要?dú)w功于智能制造的舉措，如德國(guó)政府主導(dǎo)的工業(yè)4。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來(lái)的產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展勢(shì)頭對(duì)制造業(yè)自動(dòng)化也產(chǎn)生了重大影響。事實(shí)上，這句話的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，采用或IIoT，尊重為數(shù)據(jù)收集和分析的群眾，任何智能工廠實(shí)現(xiàn)控制方面需要物聯(lián)網(wǎng)高度相關(guān)的基本概念。在許多方面，IIoT一直被視為一個(gè)連接和控制方法更能夠立即提供生產(chǎn)力和效益比其他基于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的項(xiàng)目。

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　　工業(yè)自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)自2000年代早期就已經(jīng)在工廠實(shí)施，在這個(gè)階段許多專有的通信協(xié)議和網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浔挥脕?lái)連接自動(dòng)化設(shè)備。這導(dǎo)致制造商的互操作性的方式很少，并捆綁工廠的實(shí)施，以潛在的一個(gè)供應(yīng)商。除此之外，以太網(wǎng)已經(jīng)成為世界上的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議，雖然它的一些缺點(diǎn)，使其應(yīng)用在工廠自動(dòng)化項(xiàng)目有限公司。

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　　The primary challenge with standard Ethernet is that the MAC layer is not able to support real-time low latency data transfers. Designed for the transfer of large amounts of information across an enterprise network， the protocol is not suitable for moving the relatively small amounts of information needed for industrial control. For example， controlling a valve requires very little information to make it turn and for a sensor to report its current open/closed status. The other aspect of this is that， with Ethernet， control of the network is down to the devices attached to it， thus making it hard to predict when something will transfer. This， for a time-critical manufacturing process， is a major concern.

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　　Control of manufacturing robots， valves， actuators etc.， must take place in a deterministic manner. Diagnostics of the automation equipment in operation also requires a very deterministic response within the control instruction process such that an operation can be immediately halted before any other instruction is executed. It should also be noted that the focus of diagnostics is not only on the operation of the controlled device， such as a motor， actuator or valve， but of the network and associated network hardware too. German manufacturer Beckhoff had seen the wide adoption potential for Ethernet and developed its own Fieldbus protocol in order to correct the low bandwidth and deterministic nature within the standard Ethernet. This became known as EtherCAT? （Ethernet for Control Automation Technology） and is now an open standard and has become adopted by many thousands of automation equipment suppliers.

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