供電的微控制器與能量收集

　　將環(huán)境中的能量，如光、振動或熱差，收集到電力電子中，是一個非常簡潔和合理的想法；毫不奇怪的是，它已經(jīng)吸引了電子工程師們十多年的想象力。但直到最近幾年，這項技術(shù)才有足夠的可操作性，才能在大規(guī)模市場應(yīng)用中真正可行。此外，現(xiàn)在出現(xiàn)了一些重要的市場機(jī)會。

　　為提高能源效率和減少二氧化碳的排放量，獲得國家和國際的焦點，雄心勃勃的計劃如智能建筑和智能城市被如射頻技術(shù)的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)啟用，經(jīng)常由清理周圍的能量，并與控制系統(tǒng)通過蜂窩或Wi-Fi網(wǎng)絡(luò)到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)集成。在安全、農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)療保健、環(huán)境監(jiān)測、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施監(jiān)測和資產(chǎn)管理等領(lǐng)域也出現(xiàn)了其他大型應(yīng)用程序。

　　At the simplest level， self-sufficient energy harvesting products are moving into the mainstream. Consider the wireless light switch that uses the piezo-electric energy generated by the switching relay to send an RF signal to the light source to turn it on or off. Another example is a wireless temperature sensor powered by energy captured by Peltier elements exploiting a heat differential between two surfaces， which， via a thermoelectric generator enables the sensor values to be transmitted at regular intervals. Tire pressure and wear sensors are probably some of the earliest most successful mass deployments of energy harvesting technology.1