在計(jì)算機(jī)視覺(jué)中，二維計(jì)算機(jī)坐標(biāo)和三維物體空間坐標(biāo)的關(guān)系可通過(guò)攝像機(jī)模型來(lái)
建立。模型中的參數(shù)包括：攝像機(jī)幾何、光學(xué)特性參數(shù)（內(nèi)參數(shù)）及攝像機(jī)空間位置參數(shù)（外參數(shù)）。攝像機(jī)的標(biāo)定就是要確定這些參數(shù)。本文分析了三維空間點(diǎn)投影在像平面的像點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生畸變的原因：在大視場(chǎng)攝像機(jī)鏡頭各向同性，而且物像空間媒質(zhì)均勻的情況下，像素單位元面積產(chǎn)生的變化引起像點(diǎn)畸變，并在實(shí)際圖像坐標(biāo)到計(jì)算機(jī)圖像（幀存）坐標(biāo)標(biāo)定過(guò)程中推導(dǎo)出CCD 傳感器單元x 方向的比例系數(shù)x N 的表達(dá)式，并進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量分析，取得的結(jié)果對(duì)提高標(biāo)定精度具有意義。
關(guān)鍵詞： 計(jì)算機(jī)視覺(jué)，三維重建，攝像機(jī)模型，攝像機(jī)標(biāo)定，畸變
Abstract: With computer visual technology, the relationship between 2-dimensional computer
coordinate and 3-dimensional space coordinate system is built by camera model. Model
parameters include camera geometrical and optical (inside parameters) and space camera
positional parameters (outer parameters). Camera calibration aims at getting these. The paper
produces that the essence of distortion produced by image spot on the image plane projected from 3-dimensional space dot is due to distortion of pixel unit area. And deduce expression of scale coefficient x N along axe x of CCD sensor unit during calibration from physical image coordinate system to computer frame system.
Key words: Computer visual，3-dimensional reconstruction，camera model，camera
calibration，distortion