【編者按】本案中，被告Versata在其DCM軟件中使用了原告XimpleWare根據(jù)GPLv2.0開源的XML軟件中的部分代碼，并將DCM軟件銷售給其客戶Ameriprise等公司（下稱“Versata客戶被告”）使用。XimpleWare基于其擁有的與XML軟件相關(guān)的三項專利，向法院提出的訴訟主張之一是Versata客戶被告使用DCM軟件的行為構(gòu)成專利直接侵權(quán)。在解決此爭議點時法院指出，在Versata客戶被告遵守GPLv2.0條款的前提下，GPLv2.0明確允許其對XML源代碼進行純粹的使用；即使上游分發(fā)方Versata違反許可證條款，在Versata客戶被告本身不違反GPLv2.0的情況下，其使用行為不會受到限制。若要指控Versata客戶被告構(gòu)成專利直接侵權(quán)，必須證明Versata客戶被告在違反GPLv2.0條款的情況下進行了分發(fā)。但由于XimpleWare無法舉證證明Versata客戶被告存在分發(fā)DCM軟件（其中包含XML代碼）的行為，法院駁回了XimpleWare該訴訟主張。從法院的論述中可看出，單純的“使用”行為并不觸發(fā)GPLv2.0的條件，“分發(fā)”行為才是GPLv2.0條件的觸發(fā)器。

判決譯文節(jié)選

The Customer Defendants each move to dismiss XimpleWare's claims of direct infringement on the basis that XimpleWare has failed to plead facts showing distribution of the DCM software by any Customer Defendant.

涉案客戶被告均提出動議，以XimpleWare未能提出事實證明任何涉案客戶被告分發(fā)了DCM軟件為由，請求駁回XimpleWare的直接侵權(quán)主張。

In dismissing XimpleWare's claims for direct infringement against the Customer Defendants in the FAC, the court held that regardless of the actions of the Versata Defendants, under the GPL the Customer Defendants each "retain the right to use XimpleWare's software so long as the customer does not itself breach the license by 'distributing' XimpleWare's software." Unchanged in the SAC is XimpleWare's allegation that the Customer Defendants "infringe and continue to willfully infringe the Patents by using the infringing Versata products." As use is expressly permitted under the GPL, the court's conclusion on this point is likewise unchanged: the SAC fails to state a claim for direct infringement against the Customer Defendants based on their use of XimpleWare's code included in the DCM software.

在駁回XimpleWare在FAC中對涉案客戶被告提出的直接侵權(quán)主張時，法院認為，無論涉案Versata被告的行為如何，根據(jù)GPL，“只要客戶本身不因‘分發(fā)’XimpleWare的軟件而違反許可證”，則涉案客戶被告都“保留使用XimpleWare軟件的權(quán)利?！盭impleWare在SAC中仍然保留對涉案客戶被告“通過使用侵權(quán)的Versata產(chǎn)品侵犯并持續(xù)故意侵犯專利權(quán)”的指控。由于GPL明確允許使用行為，法院就這一點的結(jié)論仍然沒有改變：SAC因涉案客戶被告對包含在DCM軟件中的XimpleWare代碼使用行為而提出的直接侵權(quán)主張無法得到支持。

While use is unrestricted under the GPL, distribution is not. The GPL permits distribution only if the distributing party satisfies several specific conditions, including among other things including copy of the GPL along with the distributed program. The court previously held that XimpleWare had adequately alleged the Customer Defendants failed to satisfy the conditions for distribution of XimpleWare's software. Accordingly, the "only real issue to resolve" was "whether XimpleWare has sufficiently alleged that its software was 'distributed' by the customers when they shared the software with their independent contractors, franchisees, and producers." The court further held that XimpleWare had not, and dismissed its claims against the Customer Defendants. However, the court granted XimpleWare leave to amend to cure this defect.

雖然GPL不限制使用行為，但卻對分發(fā)行為作出了限制。只有在分發(fā)方滿足若干特定條件的情況下（包括隨分發(fā)程序附上GPL的副本）GPL才允許分發(fā)。法院先前認為，XimpleWare已充分指控涉案客戶被告未能滿足分發(fā)XimpleWare軟件的條件。因此，“唯一真正需要解決的問題”是“XimpleWare是否充分指控了客戶在與其獨立承包商、特許經(jīng)營商和制造商共享軟件時‘分發(fā)’了其軟件”。法院進一步認為，XimpleWare沒有就此進行充分指控，因此駁回了其對涉案客戶被告的訴訟請求。不過，法院準許XimpleWare修正起訴狀以彌補這一缺陷。

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翻譯：薛楊潔

審校：劉偉、郭雪雯

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