CRD42L51參考設(shè)計(jì):CS42L51低功耗立體聲編解碼器評(píng)估方案
在音頻硬件設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域,一款優(yōu)秀的評(píng)估板對(duì)于快速驗(yàn)證和應(yīng)用編解碼器的功能至關(guān)重要。今天我們就來(lái)深入探討CRD42L51參考設(shè)計(jì),它為CS42L51低功耗立體聲編解碼器提供了便捷的評(píng)估途徑。
文件下載:CRD42L51.pdf
一、CRD42L51概述
CRD42L51評(píng)估板具備諸多實(shí)用特性,非常適合對(duì)CS42L51編解碼器感興趣的工程師進(jìn)行快速評(píng)估。其特點(diǎn)包括超小布局,僅需少數(shù)小型陶瓷電容和電阻等組件,就能實(shí)現(xiàn)指定的性能。供電方面采用單節(jié)AAA電池,通過(guò)DC - DC轉(zhuǎn)換器將電壓提升至3.3V,再穩(wěn)壓到1.8V為CS42L51供電,充分展現(xiàn)了CS42L51即使在低供電電壓下,其內(nèi)部接地中心放大器仍能為耳機(jī)負(fù)載提供充足功率的能力。
它擁有1/8”立體聲輸入,可允許高達(dá)2Vrms的信號(hào)輸入,板載麥克風(fēng)能展示CS42L51可編程增益放大器(PGA)和麥克風(fēng)前置放大器的高動(dòng)態(tài)范圍。同時(shí),具備1/8”立體聲耳機(jī)輸出插孔和S/PDIF輸入(CS8416接收器),還提供了靈活的用戶界面,通過(guò)4個(gè)按鈕和16個(gè)LED組成的用戶界面,可對(duì)CS42L51的寄存器進(jìn)行操作,并控制編解碼器、晶體振蕩器和S/PDIF接收器之間的時(shí)鐘和數(shù)據(jù)路由。
二、快速啟動(dòng)指南
- 開(kāi)啟電源:將電源開(kāi)關(guān)撥到ON位置,此時(shí)需確保背面安裝了單節(jié)AAA電池。開(kāi)啟后,復(fù)位功能將被激活,在復(fù)位期間無(wú)法進(jìn)行任何選擇或調(diào)整。
- 關(guān)閉復(fù)位功能:同時(shí)按下兩個(gè)SELECT按鈕,可關(guān)閉復(fù)位功能。此時(shí)板子會(huì)進(jìn)入待機(jī)狀態(tài)片刻,然后自動(dòng)激活線路功能。
- 功能選擇與開(kāi)關(guān):使用任意一個(gè)SELECT按鈕在不同功能間導(dǎo)航并切換焦點(diǎn),當(dāng)需要開(kāi)啟或關(guān)閉所選功能時(shí),同時(shí)按下兩個(gè)SELECT按鈕,相關(guān)的LED會(huì)相應(yīng)亮起或熄滅。
- 音量和閾值控制:使用任意一個(gè)ADJUST按鈕可控制每個(gè)獲得焦點(diǎn)的源/效果的音量/閾值水平。電平表會(huì)短暫顯示一個(gè)預(yù)定義的梯度,以dB為單位表示音量/閾值水平,最佳/默認(rèn)水平會(huì)閃爍。
- 開(kāi)始評(píng)估:對(duì)著麥克風(fēng)講話,或者激活外部S/PDIF或線路播放器,即可開(kāi)始評(píng)估。
| 具體的按鈕控制功能如下表所示: | Pushbutton Control | Key Press | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| SELECT (only) < | Left/Up Navigation - Shifts the focus between functions. A blinking LED indicates which func- tion has received focus. | ||
| (only) > | Right/Down Navigation - Shifts the focus between functions. A blinking LED indicates which function has received focus. | ||
| (simultaneously) < AND > | Enables/Disables the function that is in - focus. When the selected function is enabled AND in - focus, the associated LED blinks ON, periodically, with a longer duty cycle. | ||
| ADJUST (only) - | Decreases the volume level of the function that is in - focus. Increases the threshold level of the ALC/Limiter when either is in - focus. | ||
| (only) + | Increases the volume level of the function that is in - focus. Decreases the threshold level of the ALC/Limiter when either is in - focus. | ||
| (simultaneously) - AND + | Enables/Disables confirmation/error beeps. |
三、功能與電平細(xì)節(jié)
功能狀態(tài)與LED指示
| 不同功能的開(kāi)啟和關(guān)閉狀態(tài)通過(guò)LED的照明情況來(lái)顯示,具體如下: | Function | State/LED Illumination | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reset | ON | CS42L51, CS8416, optical receiver, oscillator held in reset and disabled. | |
| OFF | CS42L51, oscillator out of reset. CS8416 and optical receiver controlled by S/PDIF function. The Line function is enabled automatically. | ||
| Standby | ON | CS8416, optical receiver, oscillator held in reset and disabled; CS42L51 soft powered down. | |
| OFF | All devices out of reset; CS42L51 powered up, register settings restored. | ||
| Line | ON | Stereo Line Input selected, unmuted; MIC powered down. | |
| OFF | Stereo Line Input muted. | ||
| MIC | ON | Mono MIC selected, powered up, unmuted; Line disabled. | |
| OFF | MIC muted. | ||
| S/PDIF | ON | S/PDIF Input selected, unmuted; CS8416 and optical receiver powered up. (Line or MIC mixed with S/PDIF if enabled.) | |
| OFF | S/PDIF Input muted; CS8416 and optical receiver powered down. | ||
| Bass | ON | Tone Control enabled, Bass corner frequency set to 200 Hz, Treble corner frequency set to 7 kHz. | |
| OFF | Tone Control (Bass and Treble) disabled. | ||
| Treble | ON | Tone Control enabled, Bass corner frequency set to 200 Hz, Treble corner frequency set to 7 kHz. | |
| OFF | Tone Control (Bass and Treble) disabled. | ||
| Limiter | ON | Limiter enabled, attack rate set to 0x02, release rate set to 0x3D. | |
| OFF | Limiter disabled. | ||
| ALC | ON | ALC enabled, attack rate set to 0x02, release rate set to 0x3D. | |
| OFF | ALC disabled. |
電平表與LED亮度對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系
| 電平表通過(guò)LED的亮度來(lái)指示不同輸入源的音量和閾值水平,具體對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系如下: | Level Meter (LED Luminosity) | Level (dB) | ALC/Limiter Threshold (dB) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Line/SPDIF | MIC | Bass/Treble | MAX | MIN/Cushion | ||
| LED12_ON | +6.0 | +44.0 | +12.0 | -18.0 | -24.0 | |
| LED12_75% | +4.0 | +42.5 | +10.5 | - | - | |
| LED12_50% | +2.0 | +41.0 | - | - | - | |
| LED12_25% | +0.0 | +39.5 | +9.0 | - | - | |
| LED13_ON | -1.5 | +38.0 | +7.5 | -12.0 | -18.0 | |
| LED13_75% | -3.0 | +36.5 | +6.0 | - | - | |
| LED13_50% | -4.5 | +35.0 | - | - | - | |
| LED13_25% | -6.0 (default) | +33.5 | +4.5 | - | - | |
| LED14_ON | -7.5 | +32.0 (default) | +3.0 | -9.0 | -12.0 | |
| LED14_75% | -9.0 | +30.5 | +1.5 | - | - | |
| LED14_50% | -11.0 | +29.0 | - | - | - | |
| LED14_25% | -13.0 | +27.5 | +0.0 (default) | - | - | |
| LED15_ON | -16.0 | +26.0 | -1.5 | -6.0 (default) | -9.0 (default) | |
| LED15_75% | -19.0 | +24.5 | -3.0 | - | - | |
| LED15_50% | -22.0 | +23.0 | - | - | - | |
| LED15_25% | -26.0 | +21.5 | -4.5 | - | - | |
| LED16_ON | -30.0 | +20.0 | -6.0 | -3.0 | -6.0 | |
| LED16_75% | -35.0 | +18.5 | -7.5 | - | - | |
| LED16_50% | -40.0 | +17.0 | - | - | - | |
| LED16_25% | -45.0 | +15.5 | -9.0 | - | - | |
| LED16_OFF | -51.5 | +14.0 | -10.5 | +0.0 | -3.0 |
四、系統(tǒng)概述
電源模塊(U2)
單節(jié)AAA電池為板子供電,DC - DC轉(zhuǎn)換器將電池電壓提升至3.3V,再穩(wěn)壓到1.8V為CS42L51供電。CS42L51的接口邏輯部分工作在3.3V,而其模擬/數(shù)字核心和耳機(jī)供電則使用1.8V,這種供電方式充分體現(xiàn)了CS42L51在低電壓下的性能優(yōu)勢(shì)。
微控制器(U5)
微控制器負(fù)責(zé)根據(jù)用戶通過(guò)4個(gè)按鈕的輸入,控制CS42L51、CS8416和振蕩器之間的數(shù)字信號(hào)路由。上電后,它會(huì)自動(dòng)將板子初始化為預(yù)定義的設(shè)置。
CS42L51音頻編解碼器(U1)
CS42L51的詳細(xì)描述可參考其產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)表。上電后,微控制器會(huì)自動(dòng)將其配置為默認(rèn)設(shè)置,后續(xù)可根據(jù)用戶通過(guò)4個(gè)按鈕的輸入進(jìn)行修改。
CS8416數(shù)字音頻接收器(U4)
CS8416將來(lái)自光連接器的輸入S/PDIF數(shù)據(jù)流轉(zhuǎn)換為PCM數(shù)據(jù)供CS42L51使用。S/PDIF輸入可與線路或麥克風(fēng)輸入混合,此時(shí)編解碼器的時(shí)鐘源來(lái)自CS8416。若S/PDIF源不可用導(dǎo)致接收器錯(cuò)誤,微控制器會(huì)自動(dòng)將系統(tǒng)主時(shí)鐘切換到振蕩器,以確保線路或麥克風(fēng)輸入的不間斷運(yùn)行。
振蕩器(Y1)
當(dāng)數(shù)字音頻接收器斷電或出現(xiàn)接收器錯(cuò)誤時(shí),板載振蕩器提供系統(tǒng)主時(shí)鐘。其選擇會(huì)根據(jù)用戶輸入和系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)自動(dòng)確定。
模擬輸入
1/8”插孔通過(guò)交流耦合無(wú)源濾波器提供線路電平模擬輸入。CS42L51輸入前的分壓器允許高達(dá)2Vrms的信號(hào)輸入。若要放大較小的信號(hào),可啟用自動(dòng)電平控制(ALC),CS42L51會(huì)結(jié)合集成的可編程增益放大器(PGA)根據(jù)需要應(yīng)用高達(dá) +12dB的模擬增益。板載表面貼裝麥克風(fēng)連接到CS42L51的一個(gè)輸入,并與線路輸入進(jìn)行復(fù)用,線路或麥克風(fēng)輸入均可與S/PDIF輸入混合。
模擬輸出
1/8”插孔輸出CS42L51接地中心耳機(jī)放大器的信號(hào)。由電阻/電容對(duì)組成的負(fù)載穩(wěn)定電路使放大器除了能驅(qū)動(dòng)線路電平負(fù)載外,還能驅(qū)動(dòng)耳機(jī)。
開(kāi)關(guān)與按鈕
電源開(kāi)關(guān)撥到ON位置時(shí),AAA電池為板子供電,微控制器進(jìn)行初始化。SELECT按鈕用于在功能選項(xiàng)之間來(lái)回導(dǎo)航,同時(shí)按下兩個(gè)SELECT按鈕可切換獲得焦點(diǎn)的功能狀態(tài)。ADJUST按鈕用于調(diào)整增益、衰減以及ALC和限幅器的閾值水平,同時(shí)按下兩個(gè)ADJUST按鈕可切換CS42L51內(nèi)部蜂鳴器的狀態(tài)。
LED指示燈
功能LED用于直觀顯示哪些功能當(dāng)前處于開(kāi)啟(持續(xù)照明)或關(guān)閉(無(wú)照明)狀態(tài),以及哪個(gè)功能獲得了焦點(diǎn)(周期性照明)。電平表LED用于直觀顯示線路、麥克風(fēng)、S/PDIF、低音和高音的音量水平以及限幅器和ALC的閾值水平。
錯(cuò)誤指示
- 低電量指示:當(dāng)AAA電池的電壓水平降至約0.96V以下時(shí),相應(yīng)的LED會(huì)亮起。在電壓降至約0.70V之前,板子仍可繼續(xù)工作,但電源循環(huán)后,DC - DC轉(zhuǎn)換器只有在電壓至少為1.1V時(shí)才能啟動(dòng)。
- 接收器錯(cuò)誤指示:如果S/PDIF功能啟用且CS8416失去PLL鎖定(例如拔掉光連接器的電纜或關(guān)閉S/PDIF音頻源),相應(yīng)的LED會(huì)亮起。若此時(shí)線路或麥克風(fēng)功能啟用,CRD會(huì)自動(dòng)將主時(shí)鐘從CS8416切換到板載振蕩器,并相應(yīng)地配置CS42L51,以確保線路或麥克風(fēng)輸入的不間斷運(yùn)行。
布局設(shè)計(jì)
CS42L51僅需最少的組件就能實(shí)現(xiàn)指定的性能結(jié)果。其集成的接地中心放大器無(wú)需笨重的直流阻斷電容,僅需兩個(gè)小型陶瓷電容用于電荷泵。此外,還包括負(fù)載穩(wěn)定電路和電源去耦組件。參考設(shè)計(jì)中大量使用接地平面填充,可大幅降低輻射噪聲。
五、系統(tǒng)連接與接口
| Connector/ Interface | Reference Designator | Input/Output | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AAA | BT1 | Input | Battery Power Supply. |
| < SELECT | S3 | Input | Pushbutton for navigating to the left or upwards. On/Off (function enable/dis - able) control when pushed simultaneously with SELECT >. |
| SELECT > | S4 | Input | Pushbutton for navigating to the right or downwards. On/Off (function enable/disable) control when pushed simultaneously with < SELECT. |
| - ADJUST | S1 | Input | Pushbutton for decreasing volume levels and increasing threshold levels. On/Off (beep enable/disable) control when pushed simultaneously with ADJUST +. |
| ADJUST + | S2 | Input | Pushbutton for increasing volume levels and decreasing threshold levels. On/Off (beep enable/disable) control when pushed simultaneously with ADJUST +. |
| Line Input | J1 | Input | 1/8” jack for analog input signal to CS42L51. Up to 2 Vrms signals allowed. |
| MIC | MK1 | Input | Microphone for analog input signal to CS42L51. |
| Headphone | J2 | Output | Headphone or Line - level jack for analog outputs. |
| S/PDIF IN | OPT1 | Input | CS8416 digital audio input via optical cable. |
六、總結(jié)
CRD42L51參考設(shè)計(jì)為CS42L51低功耗立體聲編解碼器提供了一個(gè)全面且便捷的評(píng)估平臺(tái)。其超小布局、靈活的用戶界面以及豐富的功能特性,使得工程師能夠快速驗(yàn)證CS42L51的各項(xiàng)功能,為音頻產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)和開(kāi)發(fā)提供了有力的支持。在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,工程師可以根據(jù)具體需求,利用這些特性進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的優(yōu)化和拓展。你在使用類似評(píng)估板的過(guò)程中遇到過(guò)哪些問(wèn)題呢?歡迎在評(píng)論區(qū)分享交流。
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CRD42L51參考設(shè)計(jì):CS42L51低功耗立體聲編解碼器評(píng)估方案
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