NHD - 0420DZ - FL - YBW - 33V3字符液晶顯示模塊詳解
在電子設(shè)備日益智能化的今天,液晶顯示模塊作為人機(jī)交互的重要窗口,其性能和特性對(duì)于設(shè)備的整體表現(xiàn)起著關(guān)鍵作用。今天我們就來深入探討一下NHD - 0420DZ - FL - YBW - 33V3字符液晶顯示模塊,為各位電子工程師在設(shè)計(jì)過程中提供參考。
文件下載:NHD-0420DZ-FL-YBW-33V3.pdf
1. 產(chǎn)品概述
NHD - 0420DZ - FL - YBW - 33V3是Newhaven Display International, Inc.推出的一款字符液晶顯示模塊。它具有4行20字符的顯示能力,內(nèi)置ST7066U控制器,采用+3.3V電源供電,具備1/16 duty、1/4 bias的特點(diǎn),并且符合RoHS標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。其型號(hào)各部分含義如下:
- “NHD”:代表Newhaven Display。
- “0420”:表示4行20字符。
- “DZ”:為具體型號(hào)。
- “F”:表示半透反射型。
- “L”:采用黃/綠色LED背光。
- “Y - B”:STN正性,黃/綠色6:00最佳視角。
- “W”:寬溫度范圍。
- “33V3”:表示3.3V的VDD和3.0V的LED供電。
2. 引腳說明與接線圖
| Pin No. | Symbol | External Connection | Function Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | VSS | Power Supply | Ground |
| 2 | VDD | Power Supply | Supply Voltage for logic (+3.3V) |
| 3 | V0 | Power Supply | Supply Voltage for contrast (approx. 0V) |
| 4 | RS | MPU | Register Select signal. RS = 0: Command, RS = 1: Data |
| 5 | R/W | MPU | Read/Write select signal, R/W = 1: Read R/W = 0: Write |
| 6 | E | MPU | Operation Enable signal. Falling edge triggered. |
| 7 - 10 | DB0 - DB3 | MPU | Four low order bi - directional three - state data bus lines. These four are not used during 4 - bit operation. |
| 11 - 14 | DB4 - DB7 | MPU | Four high order bi - directional three - state data bus lines. |
| 15 | LED+ | Power Supply | Backlight Anode (300 mA @ 3.0V) |
| 16 | LED - | Power Supply | Backlight Cathode (Ground) |
推薦的LCD連接器為2.54mm間距引腳,不過文檔中未提及背光連接器的具體配對(duì)信息。各位工程師在實(shí)際設(shè)計(jì)中,要根據(jù)引腳功能準(zhǔn)確接線,避免因接線錯(cuò)誤導(dǎo)致模塊無法正常工作。
3. 電氣與光學(xué)特性
3.1 電氣特性
| Item | Symbol | Condition | Min. | Typ. | Max. | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating Temperature Range | TOP | Absolute Max | - 20 | - | +70 | ?C |
| Storage Temperature Range | TST | Absolute Max | - 30 | - | +80 | ?C |
| Supply Voltage | VDD | - | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.5 | V |
| Supply Current | IDD | VDD = 3.3V | 0.5 | 1.5 | 3.0 | mA |
| Supply for LCD (contrast) | VLCD | TOP = 25°C | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.5 | V |
| “H” Level input | VIH | - | 0.7 * VDD | - | VDD | V |
| “L” Level input | VIL | - | VSS | - | 0.6 | V |
| “H” Level output | VOH | - | 0.75 * VDD | - | VDD | V |
| “L” Level output | VOL | - | VSS | - | 0.2 * VDD | V |
| Backlight Supply Current | ILED | - | 200 | 300 | 400 | mA |
| Backlight Supply Voltage | VLED | ILED = 300 mA | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.2 | V |
需要注意的是,背光的LED由電流驅(qū)動(dòng),驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓僅作參考,必須選擇合適的驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓以確保背光電流在最大允許值以下。
3.2 光學(xué)特性
| Item | Symbol | Condition | Min. | Typ. | Max. | Unit | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optimal Viewing Angles | Top | ?Y+ | CR ≥ 2 | 30 | 40 | - | ° | |
| Bottom | ?Y - | 50 | 60 | - | ° | |||
| Left | θX - | 50 | 60 | - | ° | |||
| Right | θX+ | 50 | 60 | - | ° | |||
| Contrast Ratio | CR | - | 2 | 5 | - | - | ||
| Rise | TR | TOP = 25°C | - | 150 | 250 | ms | ||
| Response Time | Fall | TF | - | 200 | 300 | ms |
了解這些光學(xué)特性有助于我們?cè)趯?shí)際應(yīng)用中調(diào)整顯示效果,以達(dá)到最佳的視覺體驗(yàn)。大家在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),是否考慮過如何根據(jù)這些特性優(yōu)化顯示效果呢?
4. 控制器信息與DDRAM地址
該模塊內(nèi)置ST7066U控制器,其詳細(xì)規(guī)格可從http://www.newhavendisplay.com/app_notes/ST7066U.pdf下載。DDRAM地址有特定的分布規(guī)律,工程師們?cè)谶M(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)讀寫操作時(shí),要依據(jù)這個(gè)地址分布來準(zhǔn)確操作,確保數(shù)據(jù)正確顯示。
5. 指令表
| 模塊提供了一系列指令,用于控制顯示內(nèi)容、光標(biāo)位置等。例如: | Instruction | Instruction code | Description | 270 KHZ Execution time (fOSC = | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RS | R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 | |||||||||||||
| Clear Display | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Write “20H” to DDRAM and set DDRAM address to “00H” from AC | 1.52ms | ||
| Return Home | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - | Set DDRAM Address to “00H” from AC and return cursor to its original position if shifted. The contents of DDRAM are not changed. | 1.52ms |
熟悉這些指令的功能和執(zhí)行時(shí)間,能讓我們更好地控制顯示模塊的行為。在實(shí)際編程中,大家是否遇到過指令執(zhí)行異常的情況呢?
6. 時(shí)序特性
6.1 從MPU向ST7066U寫數(shù)據(jù)
| Tc | Enable Cycle Time | Pin E | 1200 | ns | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TPW | Enable Pulse Width | Pin E | 140 | ns | ||
| TR,TF | Enable Rise/Fall Time | Pin E | 25 | ns | ||
| TAS | Address Setup Time | Pins: RS,RW,E | 0 | 0 | ns | |
| TAH | Address Hold Time | Pins: RS,RW,E | 10 | - | ns | |
| TDSW | Data Setup Time | Pins: DB0 - DB7 | 40 | - | ns | |
| TH | Data Hold Time | Pins: DB0 - DB7 | 10 | ns |
6.2 從ST7066U向MPU讀數(shù)據(jù)
| Tc | Enable Cycle Time | Pin E | 1200 | - | ns | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TPW | Enable Pulse Width | Pin E | 140 | ns | ||
| TR,TF | Enable Rise/Fall Time | Pin E | - | 25 | ns | |
| TAS | Address Setup Time | Pins: RS,RW,E | 0 | 0 | ns | |
| TAH | Address Hold Time | Pins: RS,RW,E | 10 | ns | ||
| TDDR | Data Setup Time | Pins: DB0 - DB7 | - | 100 | ns | |
| TH | Data Hold Time | Pins: DB0 - DB7 | 10 | ns |
在設(shè)計(jì)電路和編寫代碼時(shí),要嚴(yán)格按照這些時(shí)序要求進(jìn)行操作,否則可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)傳輸錯(cuò)誤。
7. 初始化程序
文檔提供了8位和4位兩種初始化方式:
7.1 8位初始化
void command(char i) {
P1 = i; //put data on output Port
D_I = 0; //D/I = LOW : send instruction
R_W = 0; //R/W = LOW : Write
E = 1;
Delay(1);
E = 0; //Clock enable: falling edge
}
void write(char i) {
P1 = i; //put data on output Port
D_I = 1; //D/I = HIGH : send data
R_W = 0; //R/W = LOW : Write
E = 1;
Delay(1);
E = 0; //Clock enable: falling edge
}
void init() {
E = 0;
Delay(100); //Wait >40 msec after power is applied
command(0x30);
command(0x30); //command 0x30 = Wake up
Delay(30);
command(0x30);
command(0x30); //command 0x30 = Wake up #2
Delay(10);
command(0x30);
command(0x30); //command 0x30 = Wake up #3
Delay(10);
command(0x38);
command(0x38); //Function set: 8 - bit/2 - line
command(0x0c); //Display ON; Cursor ON
command(0x06); //Entry mode set
}
7.2 4位初始化
void command(char i) {
P1 = i;
D_I = 0; //D/I = LOW : send instruction
R_W = 0;
Nybble(); //Send upper 4 bits
i = i < 4; //Shift over by 4 bits
P1 = i;
Nybble(); //Send upper 4 bits
}
void write(char i) {
P1 = i;
D_I = 1; //D/I = HIGH : send data
R_W = 0;
Nybble(); //Clock upper 4 bits
i = i < 4; //Shift over by 4 bits
P1 = i;
Nybble(); //Clock upper 4 bits
}
void Nybble() {
E = 1;
Delay(1);
E = 0; //Clock enable: falling edge
}
void init() {
P1 = 0; P3 = 0;
Delay(100); //Wait >40 msec after power is applied
P1 = 0x30;
Delay(30);
Nybble(); //command 0x30 = Wake up
Delay(10);
Nybble(); //command 0x30 = Wake up #2
Delay(10);
Nybble(); //command 0x30 = Wake up #3
Delay(10);
P1 = 0x20;
Nybble(); //Function set: 4 - bit interface
command(0x28); //Function set: 4 - bit/2 - line
command(0x0F); //Display ON; Blinking cursor
command(0x06); //Entry Mode set
}
工程師們可以根據(jù)實(shí)際需求選擇合適的初始化方式,在使用這些代碼時(shí),要注意延時(shí)函數(shù)的具體實(shí)現(xiàn),確保初始化過程正確。
8. 質(zhì)量信息與使用注意事項(xiàng)
8.1 質(zhì)量測(cè)試
| Test Item | Content of Test | Test Condition | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| High Temperature storage | Endurance test applying the high storage temperature for a long time. | +80?C , 48hrs | 2 |
| Low Temperature storage | Endurance test applying the low storage temperature for a long time. | -30?C , 48hrs | 1,2 |
| High Temperature Operation | Endurance test applying the electric stress (voltage & current) and the high thermal stress for a long time. | +70?C 48hrs | 2 |
| Low Temperature Operation | Endurance test applying the electric stress (voltage & current) and the low thermal stress for a long time. | -20?C , 48hrs | 1,2 |
| High Temperature / Humidity Operation | Endurance test applying the electric stress (voltage & current) and the high thermal with high humidity stress for a long time. | +40?C , 90% RH , 48hrs | 1,2 |
| Thermal Shock resistance | Endurance test applying the electric stress (voltage & current) during a cycle of low and high thermal stress. | 0?C,30min -> 25?C,5min -> 50?C,30min = 1 cycle 10 cycles | |
| Vibration test | Endurance test applying vibration to simulate transportation and use. | 10 - 55Hz , 15mm amplitude. 60 sec in each of 3 directions X,Y,Z For 15 minutes | 3 |
| Static electricity test | Endurance test applying electric static discharge. | VS = 800V, RS = 1.5kΩ, CS = 100pF One time |
8.2 使用注意事項(xiàng)
使用LCD/LCM時(shí)的詳細(xì)注意事項(xiàng)可參考http://www.newhavendisplay.com/specs/precautions.pdf,保修信息和條款可查看http://www.newhavendisplay.com/index.php?main_page=terms。在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,我們要充分考慮這些測(cè)試結(jié)果和注意事項(xiàng),確保模塊在各種環(huán)境下都能穩(wěn)定可靠地工作。
總之,NHD - 0420DZ - FL - YBW - 33V3字符液晶顯示模塊具有豐富的功能和良好的性能。電子工程師們?cè)谠O(shè)計(jì)過程中,要全面了解其各項(xiàng)特性,合理運(yùn)用相關(guān)指令和初始化程序,才能充分發(fā)揮該模塊的優(yōu)勢(shì),為產(chǎn)品帶來更好的顯示效果。大家在使用這款模塊時(shí),還有哪些疑問或者經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以分享呢?歡迎在評(píng)論區(qū)交流。
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